United States
zoom in to model
Loading model
Compared with U.S. cities
Population in 15-min areas with comparable exposure to outer rings
Building
Nature view
Openness
Footprint area
CBG travel time
Click a level to inspect
Level · 5 m voxel layer
EEI trade-off
Nature view5 m
0%25%50%+
No recorded value
CBG access-time rings
≤15 min
15–30 min
30–60 min
>60 min
Unfilled: no EEI data
Environmental exposure in the 15-minute city

Choose City profile or Local trade-off to explore the Figure 2 results. Dot size represents population. Select a city to open its MSA.

MSA rings follow CBG access times, not distance from the city centre. Preservation capacity is the population-weighted share of ≤15-minute building layers whose exposure matches or exceeds the source-ring mean, using the original Figure 3 availability results. Cities outside the final eligible sample show no loss estimate.

Green chip outlines have a model ready. Grey outlines are reference areas. Start with the Washington test chip.

In a model, drag to pan, right-drag to rotate and tilt, and scroll to zoom. Click once to focus a building, then click a layer to inspect its mean. Choose Nature view or Openness. Layers are 5 m voxels, not surveyed floors. Tree canopy can be hidden while grass remains visible.

Building trade-off charts use paired finite model surface values with the saved national paper EEI normalization. The metro reference uses paired, valid paper building layers. CBG travel times average nine categories, with a logarithmic time axis. They are distinct from Figure 2 CBG-level EEI fits and Figure 3 ring losses. Missing results are never imputed.

Project ↗Model and simulations: VoxCity
Basemap: OpenFreeMap · OpenStreetMap
U.S. boundary: Natural Earth
Xiucheng Liang· Environmental Exposure ·GitHub ↗